| 1 | Which of the following are characterisitics of life: |
| A. Complexity | |
| B. Use energy | |
| C. Cellular Organization | |
| D. Change over time | |
| E | E. All of the above |
| 2 | Which of the following lists the steps in a good scientific investigation in the proper order: |
| a. Observation, experiment, Hypothesis, conclusion, communication | |
| B | b. Observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, communication |
| c. Hypothesis, communication, observation, conclusion, experiment | |
| d. Communication, hypothesis, observation, conclusion, experiment | |
| e. Hypothesis, conclusion, observation, experiment, communcation | |
| 3 | Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level? |
| A. organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism | |
| B. Cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle | |
| C. organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ | |
| D. Ecosystem, cell, population, tissue, organism, organ system | |
| E | E. Molecule, Cell, Organ System, Population, Ecosystem, Biosphere |
| 4 | T/F: |
| TRUE | Science requires that hypotheses be testable & Falsifiable and that observations be theoretically repeatable. |
| 5 | Why is a control in a well-designed Scientific experiment so important? |
| A | A. Because it demonstrates that the experimental variables (the only variables that differs between the control and treatment groups) is the likely cause of any observed differences. |
| B. Because it proves or disproves our hypothesis without error | |
| C. Because it norrows our P-value from 0.05 to 0.001 | |
| D. Controls are really not needed in experiments | |
| 6 | The main purpose of any single experiment is to: |
| A. Obtain accurate quantitative measurements | |
| B. Prove unambiguously that a particular hypothesis is correct | |
| C. Avoid comparative analysis | |
| D. Answer as many questions as possible | |
| E | E. Test a prediction that is based on a hypothesis |
| 7 | Which cellular organelle contains the organism's DNA (genetic material)? |
| A. Cell Walls | |
| B | B. Nucleus |
| C. Cell membranes | |
| D. Chloroplasts | |
| E. Ribosomes | |
| 8 | T/F |
| FALSE | Using the microscope to observe a one-celled organism in a water sample, first you focus under low power, then you go to high power and use the coarse focus to bring the object back into focus: |
| 9 | Which of the following questions cannot be answered by means of the hypothesis-prediction method? |
| A. Are bees more attracted to red roses than to yellow roses? | |
| B | B. Are red roses more beautiful than yellow roses? |
| C. Why are red roses red | |
| D. Do red roses bloom earlier than yellow roses? | |
| E. Are red roses more susceptible to mildew than yellow roses? | |
| 10 | Which of the following can result from a scientific investigation? |
| A. refinement of the experimental design | |
| B. Formulation of new questions that result in additional experimentation | |
| C. Use of statistical tests to evaluate the significance of the results | |
| D. Experiments repeated and verified by others | |
| E | E. All of the Above |
| 11 | Which of the following best represents a null hypothesis? |
| A. I think that men are taller than women | |
| B | B. No difference exists between the mean height of college men and college women |
| C. A difference exists between the mean height of college men and college women | |
| D. I think women are taller than men | |
| 12 | When atoms share a pair of electrons, this is called a _________Bond. |
| A | A. Covalent |
| B. Hydrogen | |
| C. Ionic | |
| D. Government | |
| E. Atomic | |
| 13 | ______ are macromolecules that include cell membranes, steriods, and fatty acids: |
| A. ions | |
| B. Amino Acids | |
| C | C. Lipids |
| D. Sugars | |
| E. Proteins | |
| 14 | These surround the nucleus, determine the chemical behavior of atoms, have a negative charge, and carry energy: |
| A. protons | |
| B. photons | |
| C. neutrons | |
| D | D. electrons |
| 15 | Atoms with opposite charges are attracted to each other forming a(n) _____ bond |
| A. Covalent | |
| B. Hydrogen | |
| C | C. Ionic |
| D. Government | |
| E. Atomic | |
| 16 | T/F |
| FALSE | Larger cells have a higher surface to volume ratio, making them more efficient at moving substances across the cell membrane |
| 17 | _____ are the sites of protein synthesis |
| A. Chloroplasts | |
| B. Mitochondria | |
| C. Nucleus | |
| D. Cell membranes | |
| E | E. Ribosomes |
| 18 | In water, the hydrogen end of the molecule has a slight positive charge and the oxygen end has a slight negative charge, making water a _____ molecule: |
| A. Covalent | |
| B | B. Polar |
| C. Ionic | |
| D. Macro - | |
| E. Non-Polar | |
| 19 | Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information: |
| A. Carbohydrates | |
| B. Lipids | |
| C. Proteins | |
| D | D. Nucleic Acids |
| 20 | Hydrogen Bonds are: |
| A. Strong bonds between hydrogen atoms | |
| B | B. Weak "attractions" between two polar molecules or between different parts of the same molecule |
| C. Formed between two atoms when they share electrons | |
| D. Formed when you heat proteins, changing their shape | |
| 21 | This cellular organelle has pigment that absorbs energy from the sun (light) and uses this energy along with CO2 and water to make carbohydrates |
| A. Cell membrane | |
| B. Vacuole | |
| C. Nucleus | |
| D. Ribosomes | |
| E | E. Chloroplasts |
| 22 | In the introduction to the pond lab, we talked about small, often microscopic, organisms that live up in the water column called: |
| A. Benthic organisms or benthos | |
| B | B. Plankton |
| C. Nekton | |
| D. Primary consumers | |
| E. Secondary Consumers | |
| 23 | Using the diagram of a microscope http://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/lelab/microscopeuselab_files/image001.gif , identify structure number 1: |
| A | A. Ocular |
| B. Objective | |
| C. Condenser | |
| D. Stage | |
| E. Diaphragm | |
| 24 | This figure represents: http://img.tfd.com/dorland/distribution_normal.jpg |
| A. A skewed curve | |
| B. A nonparametric statistic | |
| C | C. A normal Curve |
| D. The amount of nodules in treatment 3 | |
| 25 | Which of the following best represents one standard deviation in this figure: |
| http://img.tfd.com/dorland/distribution_normal.jpg | |
| A. Distance between 0 and 3 | |
| B. Distance between -1 and 1 | |
| C | C. Distance between 0 and 1 |
| D. Standard deviation is not represented on a curve, only in tables | |
| 26 | Which of the following best represents the mean of this data set: http://img.tfd.com/dorland/distribution_normal.jpg |
| A. 3 | |
| B | B. 0 |
| C. -3 | |
| D. The mean would actually be the average of 1, 2, and 3 | |
| 27 | These data are usually integers; can only take one value (e.g., # of eggs laid or # of spines on a fish |
| A. Continuous data | |
| B | B. Discrete (meristic) data |
| 28 | The primary objective of statistical analysis is to infer characteristics (Parameters) of a group of data (population) by analyzing the characteristics of ____ of that group |
| A. data | |
| B. A cohort | |
| C | C. A sample |
| D. All | |
| E. none of the above | |
| 29 | These data have a constant interval size but not a true zero (e.g., temperature) |
| A. Ratio Scale | |
| B | B. Interval Scale |
| C. Nominal Scale | |
| D. Ordinal Scale | |
| 30 | These data are classified by some quality or attribute (e.g., sex, color). |
| A. Ratio Scale | |
| B. Interval Scale | |
| C | C. Nominal Scale |
| D. Ordinal Scale | |
| 31 | Observe the following scatterplot. Does it represent a positive or negative correlation? |
| http://onlinestatbook.com/chapter4/graphics/age_scatterplot.gif | |
| A | A. Positive |
| B. Negative | |
| C. Neither, because there is no correlation | |
| D. Neither, because you cannot show a correlation with a scatterplot | |
| 32 | Which of the following statements about statistical analysis in science is false: |
| A | A. Statistical methods are applied to data in order to prove that the null hypothesis is incorrect |
| B. Statistical tests analyze variation and calculate the probability that observed differences in an experiment could be due to random variation | |
| C. Statistical tests can be used to evaluate both comparative and controlled experiments | |
| D. Scientists generally conclude that the differences they measure are significant if the statistical test shows that the probability of error is 5 percent or lower (P<=0.05) | |
| E. The power of science derives from absolute dependence on evidence that comes from reproducible and quantifiable observations. | |
| 33 | A haploid cell is a cell |
| A. in which the genes are arranged haphazardly | |
| B | B. containing only one copy of each chromosome |
| C. that has resulted from the process of mitosis | |
| D. with twice the number of chromosomes of a diploid cell | |
| E. None of the above | |
| 34 | The following diagram illustrates Which phase of Meiosis? |
| http://www.macroevolution.net/images/metaphase-I-200x200.jpg | |
| A | A. Metaphase I |
| B. Metaphase II | |
| 35 | When meiosis produces eggs (ova) in the female ovary, we call this |
| A. spermatogenesis | |
| B. Fertilization | |
| C | C. oogenesis |
| D. Eggogenesis | |
| 36 | Alternate forms of a gene are called: |
| A. Proteins | |
| B | B. Alleles |
| C. Nucleotides | |
| D. Recessive | |
| 37 | Replication of DNA occurs in: |
| A. G1 | |
| B | B. S Phase |
| C. G2 | |
| D. M phase | |
| E. Interphase | |
| 38 | Which of the following statements about mitosis is true? |
| A. The chromosome number in the resulting cells is halved | |
| B. DNA replication is completed in prophase | |
| C. Crossing over occurs during prophase | |
| D | D. Two genetically identical daugther cells are formed |
| E. It consists of two nuclear divisions | |
| 39 | During meiosis, the homologous chromosomes separate during: |
| A | A. Anaphase I |
| B. Anaphase II | |
| C. the S Phase | |
| D. synapsis | |
| E. Telophase II | |
| 40 | If I start with an eight-chromosome cell, how many cells do I finish with after meiosis, and how many chromosomes are in each cell? |
| A. 2 Cells, 16 Chromosomes in each | |
| B. 4 cells, 8 Chromosomes in each | |
| C. 2 cells, 8 Chromosomes in each | |
| D | D. 4 cells, 4 Chromosomes in each |
| E. 8 cells, 4 Chromosomes in each | |
| 41 | Crossing over, where one chromosome exchanges DNA with another occurs in: |
| A | A. meiosis I |
| B. Calvin cycle | |
| C. prophase of Mitosis | |
| D. Metaphase of mitosis | |
| E. meiosis II | |
| 42 | Mitosis would be used for all of the following except: |
| A. Growth | |
| B. replacing dead cells | |
| C | C. Making sperm |
| D. Asexual reproduction | |
| E. it would be used in all of the above | |
| 43 | When homologous chromosomes line up in metaphase I of meiosis, |
| A. All maternal chromosomes are on one side, paternal chromosomes on the other | |
| B. Maternal and paternal chromosomes alternate | |
| C. Maternal chromosomes are on top, paternal on the bottom | |
| D | D. Maternal and paternal chromosomes may be on either side |
| E. Paternal chromosomes are on top, maternal on the bottom | |
| 44 | If two alleles for a trait are the same, the individual is called _________ for that trait. |
| A | A. homozygous |
| B. heterozygous | |
| C. recessive | |
| D. dominant | |
| 45 | Flower color in snapdragons shows incomplete dominance. The two alleles are for red and white flowers. A heterozygous plant would have: |
| A | A. Pink flowers |
| B. Some red, some white flowers | |
| C. All white flowers | |
| D. All red flowers | |
| 46 | At a certain locus of the human genome, 200 different alleles exist in the population. Regardless, each person has at most _____ allele(s). |
| A. 1 | |
| B | B. 2 |
| C. 100 | |
| D. 200 | |
| E. 400 | |
| 47 | The following photo was taken of a cell in a fish embryo. Which of the following terms best applies? |
| http://metaphase.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/whitefishmeta.thumbnail.jpg?w=142&h=115 | |
| A. Prophase | |
| B. Meiosis | |
| C. Cytokinesis | |
| D | D. Metaphase |
| 48 | Which of the following methods was not used by Mendel in his study of the genetics of the garden pea? |
| A. Maintenance of true-breeding lines | |
| B. Cross-pollination | |
| C | C. Microscopy |
| D. Production of hybrid plants | |
| E. Quantitative analysis of results | |
| 49 | Mendel's crossing of spherical-seeded pea plants with wrinkled-seeded pea plants resulted in progeny that all had spherical seeds. This indicates that the wrinkled-seed trait is: |
| A. codominant | |
| B. dominant | |
| C | C. Recessive |
| D. both a and b | |
| E. Both a and c | |
| 50 | Classical albinism resulted from a recessive allele. Which of the following is the expected ratio for the progeny when a normally pigmented male with an albino father has children with an albino woman? |
| A. 3/4 normal, 1/4 albino | |
| B. 3/4 albino, 1/4 normal | |
| C | C. 1/2 normal, 1/2 albino |
| D. All normal | |
| E. All albino | |
| 51 | One of the major contributions of Mendel to the study of genetics was: |
| A | A. the use of quantitative approach to analyze data |
| B. a complete description of the process of meiosis | |
| C. the observation that phenotypes are affected by the environment | |
| D. the discovery that dominance is always complete | |
| E. the finding that heritable traits combine or blend together | |
| 52 | If an infant born to a mother with blood type O is also type O, possible phenotypes for the father are: |
| A. O or A | |
| B. A or B | |
| C. O only | |
| D | D. O, A, or B |
| E. impossible to determine | |
| 53 | When a given trait is the result of multigene action, interactions between genes (i.e., they act on each other) determine the phenotype, often resulting in traits with continuous variation within a population (e.g., height of college students). |
| A. epistasis | |
| B. epigenesis | |
| C. dominance | |
| D. incomplete dominance | |
| E | E. None of the above |
| 54 | A sequence of DNA nucleotides on a chromosome; the basic unit of heredity |
| A. Allele | |
| B | B. Gene |
| C. Polymer | |
| D. Protein | |
| E. Chromosome | |
| 55 | ABO blood types in humans are examples of ______ traits. |
| A | A. codominant |
| B. Continuous | |
| C. Sex-linked | |
| D. incomplete dominance | |
| E. coevolutionary | |
| 56 | I used sick-Cell anemia as an example of a _______trait because it codes for a blood disorder and provides some resistance to malaria |
| A. codominant | |
| B. Polygenic | |
| C. Epistatic | |
| D | D. Pleiotropic |
| 57 | If left thumb on top is the dominant phenotype for the thumb-crossing gene, what are the possible genotypes that would present that phenotype? |
| A. L | |
| B. LL | |
| C. ll | |
| D. Ll or ll | |
| E | E. LL or Ll |
| 58 | When an individual has two different alleles for a trait, they are said to be |
| A. dominant | |
| B | B. heterozygous |
| C. Homozygous | |
| D. Clones | |
| E. recessive | |
| 59 | The normal chromosomes number for humans is 46. How many chromosomes does a human sperm or egg cell have? |
| A. 28 | |
| B. 46 | |
| C. 92 | |
| D | D. 23 |
| E. 23-46 (it varies greatly) | |
| 60 | Two carriers (heterozygotes) of a recessive genetic disease marry. What are the chances that their children will have the disease? |
| A. 0% | |
| B | B. 25% |
| C. 50% | |
| D. 75% | |
| E. 100% | |
| 61 | Chromosomes exist in the cells of diploid organisms as pairs, called _____, which carry information (genes) about the same trait at the same locations. One chromosome of each pair is inherited from the mother and the other from the father. |
| A | A. Homologous chromosomes |
| B. replicated Chromosomes | |
| C. Unreplicated chromosomes | |
| D. Sister Chromatids | |
| 62 | Hypotheses that stand the test of time - their predictions often tested and seldom rejected (i.e., they hare supported by a large body of evidence) - are sometimes combined into general statements called: |
| A. educated guesses | |
| B. Scientific experiments | |
| C. Variables | |
| D | D. Theories |
| E. none of the above |
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