Biology 105/106
Lesson 1: Polymers Part 02
Get the Outline for Chapter five of the text book.
Increase your Carbohydrate biology terminology.
Flashcards (note: click on "choose a study mode" and try playing Scatter to challenge yourself.
30 September 2012
BIO 105/106 Lesson 1 MacroMolecules Part 02
Biology 105/106
Lesson 1: Polymers Part 02
Get the Outline for Chapter five of the text book.
Increase your Carbohydrate biology terminology.
Flashcards (note: click on "choose a study mode" and try playing Scatter to challenge yourself.
27 September 2012
BIO 105/106 Lesson 1 MacroMolecules Part 01
Biology 105/106
Lesson 1: Polymers Part 01
In this lesson we learned the four large biological molecules
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
We learned that three of those are considered MacroMolecules because they form Polymers
We learned a few tests to identify what kind of molecule is present in an unknown substance
We then learned the basics of what a polymer is and how they are made from monomers
Did you know that slime is a polymer.
Learn how to make your own Polymer slime with just a few household ingredients.
Challenge: Search youtube for polymer videos and post your favorite one here. Let's make it a contest.
23 September 2012
BIO 106 Unit 1 Test
Click: Answers to BIO 106 Unit 1 Test
-enjoy!
Remember to share, +1, and leave comments!
Remember to share, +1, and leave comments!
BIO 106 Print Name: (Last name first)
EXAM I, 6/12/2012
Part I. Multiple Choice. Choose the one alternative that best
completes the statement or answers the question. Answer this section on exam
and using clicker.
1) What is biology?
A) the study of life B)
DNA fingerprinting C) the study of genetics
D) the study of the
environment E) the study of biomes
2) The most inclusive level
of biological hierarchy listed below that includes all of the organisms and
nonliving components of a particular environment.
3) The notion that biological
systems are more than the sum of their parts is illustrated by
A) the summation theory. B) energy flow, processing, and utilization.
C) polymer duality. D) emergent properties. E) the complexity/simplicity paradox.
4) Which of the following is
not recycled but is lost from ecosystems?
A) carbon B) nitrogen
C) sodium D)
energy E)
magnesium
5) What are the basic units
of life?
A) organelles B)
nuclei C)
cells D) DNA molecules E) A, G, C, and T
6) Relative to prokaryotic
cells, eukaryotic cells are ______.
A) larger and more
complex B)
smaller and equally complex C) smaller and more complex
D) smaller and simpler E)
larger and equally complex
7) Humans are composed of
______ cells.
A) archaeal B) prokaryotic C) eubacterial D)
eukaryotic E) bacterial
8) Most of the DNA of a
eukaryotic cell is found within the ______.
A) ecosystem B) biome C) lysosome D)
nucleus E) cell membrane
9) Which of the following is
a scientific conclusion based on knowing that humans and bacteria share a common
genetic language?
A) Humans and bacteria have
the same number of genes.
B) The same genetic code was
created for humans as for bacteria.
C) Bacteria will eventually
develop into humans.
D) The cells of both humans
and bacteria store their DNA in a nucleus.
E) Humans and bacteria share
a common ancestor.
10) Taxonomy is the ______.
A) study of cells B) study of genetics D) study of natural
selection
C) study of organisms and
their interaction with the environment
E) naming and classifying of
species
11) Which domain(s) consist(s)
of prokaryotic cells?
A) Eukarya only B) Archaea and Eukarya C) Archaea only
D) Bacteria only E) Bacteria and Archaea
12) Which of the following
groups of organisms have cells that utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as
their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal B) plant C)
archaea D) fungi E) protists
14) Which of the following
elements is NOT one of the four most common elements in living systems?
A) zinc B) nitrogen C) carbon D)
hydrogen E) oxygen
15) An atom with a positive
charge has ______.
A) more neutrons than protons
B) equal numbers of protons,
electrons, and neutrons
C) more electrons than
protons D) more protons than electrons
E) more protons than neutrons
16) All atoms of an element
have the same number of ______.
A) electrons B) neutrons
C) protons plus neutrons
D) electrons plus neutrons E) protons
17) An atom's protons are found
in its ______.
A) molecule B) neutron C) shell D)
orbital E) nucleus
18) Beryllium's atomic mass
is 9 and its atomic number is 4. How many neutrons are found in a beryllium
atom?
A) 9 B) 5 C)
4 D) 2 E) 13
19) Isotopes of an element
have the same number of ______ and different numbers of ______.
A) protons . . . neutrons B) protons . . . electrons C) neutrons . . . electrons
D) electrons . . . protons E) neutrons . . . protons
20) The second electron shell
of an atom can hold a maximum of ______ electron(s).
A) 2 B) 3 C)
6 D) 8 E) 1
21) An atom with an
electrical charge is a(n) ______.
A) isotope B) compound C) radioisotope D)
molecule E) ion
22) The bond between
oppositely charged ions is a(n) ______ bond.
23) What name is given to
bonds that involve the sharing of electrons?
A) ionic B) isotonic C) van der Waals D) covalent
E) hydrogen
24) Adjacent water molecules
are joined by ______ bonds.
A) polar and covalent B) trivalent C) hydrogen D)
covalent only E) ionic
25) Why is water considered a
polar molecule?
A) It remains liquid even at
very low temperatures.
B) The oxygen is found
between the two hydrogens.
C) Both hydrogens are at one
end of the molecule, and oxygen is at the other end.
D) The negatively charged
oxygen atom attracts the positively charged hydrogen atoms.
E) Its electrons spend more
time with its oxygen than with either hydrogen.
26) Why (if you are careful)
are you able to float a needle on the surface of water?
A) A single needle is less
dense than water.
B) The surface tension that
is a result of water's cohesive properties makes this possible.
C) The polarity of individual
water molecules makes this happen.
D) Water exhibits adhesive
properties.
E) The covalent bonds that
hold a water molecule together are responsible for this ability.
27) The lower the pH of a solution,
the ______.
A) less toxic the solution B) more basic the solution C) more acidic the solution
D) greater the number of
oxygen atoms E) higher
the OH— concentration
28) What name is given to
substances that resist changes in pH?
A) sugar B) acids C) bases D) buffers E) salt
30) The tendency of water
molecules to stick together is referred to as ______.
A) adhesion B) polarity C) transpiration D) evaporation E) cohesion
31) Water's surface tension
and heat storage capacity are accounted for by its ______.
A) hydrogen bonds B) size C)
weight D) mass E) orbitals
32) In a water molecule,
hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a(an) ______ bond.
A) ionic B) double covalent C) nonpolar covalent D) hydrogen E)
polar covalent
33) A hydrogen atom has 1
electron. How many covalent bonds can hydrogen form?
A) 2 B) 1 C)
5 D) 4 E) 3
34) The following molecule is
best described as a ______. CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2
A) protein B) nucleic acid C) carbohydrate D)
lipid E) hydrocarbon
35) Which of the following
statements is true about buffer solutions?
A) They maintain a relatively
constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them.
B) They maintain a constant
pH when acids are added to them but not when bases are added to them.
C) They maintain a constant
pH when bases are added to them but not when acids are added to them.
D) They are found only in
living systems and biological fluids.
E) They maintain a constant
pH of exactly 7 in all living cells and biological fluids.
36) Carbohydrates typically
have ______.
A) a PO4 group B) C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio C) a hydrocarbon chain
D) a 5-carbon ring E) an NH2 group
37) There are 20 different
amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?
A) different side chains (R
groups) attached to an alpha (α) carbon
B) different amino groups
attached to an alpha (α) carbon
C) different asymmetric
carbons
D) different alpha (α)
carbons
E) different carboxyl groups
attached to an alpha (α) carbon
38) Which of the following is
a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules?
A) carbohydrates B) lipids C)
proteins D) nucleic acids
39) Complete the equation: monosaccharide
+ monosaccharide →
______ + water
A) fat B) disaccharide C) polysaccharide D) nucleic acid E) polypeptide
40) Which of the following is
an example of a polysaccharide?
A) fructose B) glucose C) starch D)
maltose E) sucrose
41) Why are hydrocarbons
insoluble in water?
A) They are lighter than
water.
B) The majority of their bonds
are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
C) The majority of their
bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
D) They are hydrophilic.
E) They exhibit considerable
molecular complexity and diversity.
42) Animals store carbohydrates
as ______.
A) starch B) glycogen C) cellulose D) glucose E) maltose
43) Cellulose is an example
of ______.
A) a nucleic acid B) a polypeptide C) fat D)
a steroid E) fiber
44) Examine the two sugars in
the following figure. How do these two sugars compare?Click Here for Answers Page
A) Glucose has more double
bonds. B) Fructose
has more hydrogen.
C) Glucose has more hydrogen.
D) They are structurally
identical in every way.
E) Glucose and fructose are
isomers.
45) Sometimes when I have my
morning coffee, which I drink black with no sugar, I notice a thin film
floating on top of the coffee. Since I have just read Chapter 3 of the text, I
now realize the nature of this substance and so I run to my friends screaming,
"Look at this ______ in my coffee!"
A) enzyme B) hydrophilic
substance C) hydrocarbon
D) hydrophobic substance E) nucleotide
46) Saturated fats are saturated
with ______.
A) nitrogen B) phosphorus C) hydrogen D) oxygen E)
carbon
47) By definition, what type
of fatty acid has double bonds and is likely to be liquid at room temperature?
A) saturated B) monoglyceride C) triglyceride D) unsaturated E)
steroid
48) Which of the following is
true of both starch and cellulose?
A) They are both polymers of
glucose. B) They are
cis-trans isomers of each other.
C) They can both be digested
by humans. D) They are both used
for energy storage in plants.
E) They are both structural
components of the plant cell wall.
49) The function of a
biological molecule is most dependent on its ______.
A) size B) pH C) temperature D)
shape E) weight
50) The linear sequence of
monomers in a polypeptide chain is referred to as its ______ structure.
A) primary B) quaternary C) tertiary D) pentamerous
E) secondary
51) Nucleic acids are
polymers of ______ monomers.
A) hydrocarbon B) nucleotide C) fatty acid D) DNA E)
monosaccharide
52) Which of the following
store and transmit hereditary information?
A) proteins B) carbohydrates C) lipids D) nucleic acids
53) The primary structure of a
protein is ______.
A) an α helix or a pleated
sheet B) the amino acid
sequence of the polypeptide chain
C) irregular folding D) composed
of two or more polypeptide chains
E) maintained by hydrogen
bonds
54) Which of these is a
difference between DNA and RNA?
A) In DNA, adenine pairs with
guanine; in RNA, adenine pairs with thymine.
B) RNA is double-stranded;
DNA is single-stranded.
C) DNA consists of five
different nucleotides; RNA consists of four different nucleotides.
D) DNA contains thymine; RNA
contains uracil.
E) DNA is found in the
nucleus; RNA is never found in the nucleus.
55) A controlled experiment is
one in which
A) the experiment is repeated
many times to ensure that the results are accurate.
B) there are at least two
groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.
C) there are at least two
groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables.
D) there is one group for which
the scientist controls all variables.
E) the experiment proceeds at a
slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions
and process all experimental data.
56) Why is it important that an
experiment include a control group?
A) A control group is required
for the development of an "If…then" statement.
B) The control group provides a
reserve of experimental subjects.
C) The control group is the
group that the researcher is in control of, the group in which the researcher
predetermines the results.
D) Without a control group,
there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable
being tested.
E) A control group assures that
an experiment will be repeatable.
57) If one strand of a DNA
molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand
would have the sequence
A) 5'UGCAAU3'. B) 3'TAACGT5'. C) 3'UAACGU5'. D) 5'UAACGU3'. E) 5'TAACGA3'.
58) Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and
proteins are similar in that they
A) are synthesized as a
result of peptide bond formation between monomers.
B) are decomposed into their
subunits by dehydration reactions.
C) are synthesized from
monomers by the process of hydrolysis.
D) are synthesized from
subunits by dehydration reactions.
E) all contain nitrogen in
their monomer building blocks.
59) Which level of protein
structure do the α helix and the β pleated sheet represent?
A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D)
quaternary E) none of the above
60) The tertiary structure of
a protein is the
A) bonding together of
several polypeptide chains by weak bonds.
B) order in which amino acids
are joined in a polypeptide chain.
C) unique three-dimensional
shape of the fully folded polypeptide.
D) organization of a
polypeptide chain into an α helix or β pleated sheet.
E) overall protein structure
resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits.
Part II.
Short Answer
61) (5 pts.) How many water
molecules are shown in the drawing below?
a. Circle and label one example
of a polar covalent bond in the image below
b. Circle and label one
example of a hydrogen bond in the image below
c. Which bond is stronger the
polar covalent bond or the hydrogen bond (circle one)Click Here for Answers Page
62) (6 pts.) KCl will
dissociate into K+ and Cl – ions when dissolved in water.
Which ion (A or B) represents the K+ ion and which one the Cl- ion? Explain how you can tellClick Here for Answers Page
64. (6 pts.) Name each of the
following functional groups found in this tripeptide. (Spelling must be close
for full credit.)Click Here for Answers Page
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
65) (12 pts.)
Complete the table using the terms provided: amino acids, ester linkages, glycosidic linkages, lipids, monosaccharides, nucleic acids, nucleotides, peptide bonds, polynucleotides, polysaccharides,
proteins, triacylglycerolClick Here for Answers Page
Major Class of macromolecule
|
Monomers or components
|
Polymer or larger molecule
|
Type of linkage
|
Fatty
acids & glycerol
|
|||
Polypeptide
|
|||
Carbohydrates
|
|||
Phosphodiester
linkage
|
66) (4 pts.) What is meant by
the unity in the diversity of life? Give one specific example.
67) (4 pts.) Can a scientific
hypothesis ever be proven? Briefly explain your answer.
If that wasn't challenging enough for you, try the Quizes from the Glencoe website.
How do you think you did? What questions gave you the most trouble?
How do you think you did? What questions gave you the most trouble?
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