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BIO 106 Print Name: (Last name first)
EXAM III, 2011
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Which of the following
types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?
A) phospholipids and
cellulose B) phospholipids and
proteins C) glycoproteins and
cholesterol
D) nucleic acids and
proteins E) proteins and cellulose
2) Of the following
functions, which is most important for the sugars on glycoproteins and
glycolipids of animal cell membranes?
A) facilitated diffusion of
molecules down their concentration gradients
B) active transport of
molecules against their concentration gradients
C) maintaining the integrity
of a fluid mosaic membrane
D) a cell's ability to
distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another
E) maintaining membrane
fluidity at low temperatures
3) Which of these are not
embedded in the lipid bilayer at all?
A) peripheral proteins B)
glycoproteins C) transmembrane
proteins
D) integrins E) integral
proteins
4) Which of the following
statements is correct about diffusion?
A) It is a passive process in
which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower
concentration.
B) It is very rapid over long
distances.
C) It requires integral
proteins in the cell membrane.
D) It requires an expenditure
of energy by the cell.
E) It is an active process in
which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher
concentration.
The solutions in the two arms
of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and
glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is half filled with a solution of 2 M
sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is half filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M
glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are equal.
Answer
Answer
5) Initially, in terms of
tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is
6) A patient has had a
serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body
fluids, distilled water (very hypotonic), equal to the volume of blood lost, is
transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable
result of this transfusion?
A) The patient's red blood
cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the
cells.
B) The patient's red blood
cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells.
C) It will have no
unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
D) The patient's red blood
cells will burst because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to the cells.
E) The patient's red blood
cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to the
cells.
7) When a plant cell, such as
one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is
likely to occur?
A) the cell will become
turgid B) the cell membrane will
lyse C)
the cell will burst
D) plasmolysis will shrink
the interior E) the cell will become
flaccid
8) Ions diffuse across membranes
down their
A) electrochemical gradients.
B) chemical gradients. C) electrical gradients.
D) concentration gradients. E) none are correct.
9) The difference between
pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis is that
A) pinocytosis can
concentrate substances from the extracellular fluid, but receptor-mediated
endocytosis cannot.
B) pinocytosis brings only
water into the cell, but receptor-mediated endocytosis brings in other
molecules as well.
C) pinocytosis is nonselective
in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis
offers more selectivity.
D) pinocytosis increases the
surface area of the plasma membrane whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis
decreases the plasma membrane surface area.
E) pinocytosis requires
cellular energy, but receptor-mediated endocytosis does not.
10) Which term most precisely
describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller
ones?
A) metabolism B)
anabolism C) dehydration D)
catabolism E) catalysis
11) Which of the following is
a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?
A) Energy cannot be created
or destroyed.
B) Energy cannot be
transferred or transformed.
C) The entropy of the
universe is decreasing.
D) Kinetic energy is stored
energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter.
E) The entropy of the
universe is constant.
12) Which of the following is
an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?
A) a firefly using light
flashes to attract a mate
B) a food molecule made up of
energy-rich macromolecules
C) an insect foraging for
food
D) water rushing over Niagara
Falls
E) a boy mowing grass
13) A chemical reaction that
has a positive △G is correctly described as
A) endothermic. B) exothermic. C)
unfavorable. D) endergonic. E) enthalpic.
14) Which of the following is
most similar in structure to ATP?
A) an amino acid with three
phosphate groups attached B) an RNA nucleotide
C) a DNA helix D)
an anabolic steroid E)
a phospholipid
15) A solution of starch at
room temperature does not readily decompose to form a solution of simple sugars
because
A) starch cannot be
hydrolyzed in the presence of so much water.
B) the starch solution has
less free energy than the sugar solution.
C) the hydrolysis of starch
to sugar is endergonic.
D) the activation energy
barrier for this reaction cannot be surmounted.
E) starch hydrolysis is
nonspontaneous.
16) Which of the following is
likely to lead to an increase in the concentration of ATP in a cell?
A) an increase in a cell's
catabolic activity B) an increase
in a cell's anabolic activity
C) an increased amino acid
concentration D) an
increased influx of cofactor molecules
E) the cell's increased
transport of materials to the environment
17) The mechanism in which
the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway
is known as
A) feedback inhibition. B)
noncooperative inhibition. C) metabolic inhibition.
D) reversible inhibition. E)
allosteric inhibition.
18) Which of the following
statements describes NAD+?
A) NAD+ is reduced by the
action of hydrogenases.
B) NAD+ can donate electrons
for use in oxidative phosphorylation.
C) NAD+ has more chemical
energy than NADH.
D) NAD+ is reduced to NADH
during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
E) In the absence of NAD+,
glycolysis can still function.
19) The ATP made during glycolysis
is generated by
A) chemiosmosis. B) substrate-level
phosphorylation. C) oxidation of
NADH to NAD+.
D) electron transport. E) photophosphorylation.
20) During aerobic
respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence?
A) food → NADH → electron transport chain
→
oxygen
B) food → glycolysis → citric acid cycle → NADH → ATP
C) glucose → ATP →
electron transport chain → NADH
D) glucose → pyruvate → ATP → oxygen
E) food → citric acid cycle → ATP → NAD+
21) In chemiosmotic
phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert
ADP + Pi to ATP?
A) energy released from
substrate-level phosphorylation
B) energy released from ATP
synthase pumping hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix
C) energy released as
electrons flow through the electron transport system
D) energy released from movement
of protons through ATP synthase
E) No external source of
energy is required because the reaction is exergonic.
22) In the absence of oxygen,
yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of
A) ATP, pyruvate, and oxygen.
B)
ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol).
C) ATP, CO2, and lactate. D) ATP, NADH, and
pyruvate.
E) ATP, pyruvate, and acetyl
CoA.
23) One function of both
alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to
A) reduce FAD+ to FADH2. B) oxidize NADH to NAD+. C) reduce FADH2 to FAD+.
D) reduce NAD+ to NADH. E) none of the above
24) What are the products of
the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle?
A) ATP and NADPH B) water and
carbon C) electrons
and photons
D) carbon dioxide and RuBP E) oxygen and carbon
dioxide
25) Where does the Calvin
cycle take place?
A) cytoplasm surrounding the
chloroplast B) outer
membrane of the chloroplast
C) thylakoid membrane D) stroma
of the chloroplast
E) chlorophyll molecule
26) In a plant cell, where
are the ATP synthase complexes located?
A) thylakoid membrane B) plasma membrane C) inner mitochondrial membrane
D) A and C E) A, B, and C
27) In mitochondria,
chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space,
whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from
A) the matrix to the stroma. B) the stroma to
the photosystem II.
C) the stroma to the
thylakoid space. D) the
intermembrane space to the matrix.
E) ATP synthase to NADP+
reductase.
28) What wavelength of light
in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?
A) 625 nm B) 730 nm C) 420 nm D) 475 nm E) 575 nm
29) Reduction of NADP+ occurs
during
A) photosynthesis. B) neither
photosynthesis nor respiration.
C) both photosynthesis and
respiration. D) photorespiration.
E) respiration.
30) Which of the following
statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and
the Calvin cycle?
A) The light reactions
provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the
cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions.
B) The light reactions supply
the Calvin cycle with CO2 to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle supplies the
light reactions with sugars to produce ATP.
C) There is no relationship
between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
D) The light reactions
provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for electron flow, and the Calvin cycle
provides the light reactions with water to split.
E) The light reactions
provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi, and
NADP+ to the light reactions.
31 - 32 removed due to redundancies
33. List the four stages of cellular respiration discussed in
lecture and give the location of each and the net number of ATP, NADH, FADH2
produced per glucose molecule during each stage.
Location #
ATP NADH FADH2
1.
2.
3.
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