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MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
For the following questions, match the labeled
component of the cell membrane in the figure with its description.
1) Which component is the peripheral protein?
A) A B)
B C) C D) D E) E
2) Which component is cholesterol?
A) A B)
B C) C D) D E) E
3) Which component is the fiber of the extracellular
matrix?
A) A B)
B C) C D) D E) E
4) Which component is a microfilament of the
cytoskeleton?
A) A B)
B C) C D) D E) E
5) Which component is a glycolipid?
A) A B)
B C) C D) D E) E
6) Which of the following is one of the ways that
the membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely
cold?
A) by cotransport of glucose and hydrogen
B) by increasing the percentage of cholesterol
molecules in the membrane
C) by increasing the percentage of unsaturated
phospholipids in the membrane
D) by using active transport
E) by decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins
in the membrane
7) Which of the following would likely move through
the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?
A) glucose B)K+
C) an amino acid D) starch E) CO2
Answer
8) An animal cell lacking oligosaccharides (found on either glycolipid or glycoproteins) on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be impaired in which function?
8) An animal cell lacking oligosaccharides (found on either glycolipid or glycoproteins) on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be impaired in which function?
A) cell-cell recognition
B) attaching to the cytoskeleton
C) maintaining fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer
D) transporting ions against an electrochemical
gradient
E) establishing the diffusion barrier to charged
molecules
9) Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M
NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red
blood cells are transferred to seawater?
A) NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood
cells.
B) Water will leave the cells, causing them to
shrivel and collapse.
C) The blood cells will take up water, swell, and
eventually burst.
D) The blood cells will expend ATP for active
transport of NaCl into the cytoplasm.
E) NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by
facilitated diffusion.
10) An organism with a cell wall would most likely
be unable to take in materials through
A) phagocytosis. B)
active transport. C) osmosis. D) diffusion. E) facilitated diffusion.
11) Which of the following is an example of
potential rather than kinetic energy?
A) water rushing over Niagara Falls B) the flight of an insect
foraging for food
C) a molecule of glucose D) the muscle contractions of a
person mowing grass
E) light flashes emitted by a firefly
12) Which of the following is true for all exergonic
reactions?
A) The reactions are rapid.
B) The products have more total energy than the
reactants.
C) The reaction proceeds with a net release of free
energy.
D) A net input of energy from the surroundings is
required for the reactions to proceed.
E) The reaction goes only in a forward direction:
all reactants will be converted to products, but no products will be converted
to reactants.
13) Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism?
A) Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy
than the other two.
B) It provides energy coupling between exergonic and
endergonic reactions.
C) It is one of the four building blocks for DNA
synthesis.
D) Its hydrolysis provides an input of free energy
for exergonic reactions.
E) Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong
covalent bond that, when hydrolyzed, releases free energy.
14) Which of the following statements is true
concerning catabolic pathways?
A) They supply energy, primarily in the form of ATP,
for the cell's work.
B) They build up complex molecules such as protein
from simpler compounds.
C) They are endergonic.
D) They are spontaneous and do not need enzyme
catalysis.
E) They combine molecules into more energy-rich
molecules.
15) Reactants capable of interacting to form
products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known
as the reaction's
A) activation energy. B) free-energy content. C)
endothermic level. D) entropy. E) equilibrium
point.
Answer
16) What is the difference (if any) between the structure of ATP and the structure of the precursor of the A nucleotide in RNA?
16) What is the difference (if any) between the structure of ATP and the structure of the precursor of the A nucleotide in RNA?
A) The nitrogen-containing base is different. B) The number of phosphates is
three instead of one.
C) The sugar molecule is different. D) There is no
difference.
E) The number of phosphates is three instead of two.
17) The active site of an enzyme is the region that
A) binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme.
B) is involved in the catalytic reaction of the
enzyme.
C) is inhibited by the presence of a coenzyme or a
cofactor.
D) binds noncompetitive inhibitors of the enzyme.
18) According to the induced fit hypothesis of
enzyme catalysis, which of the following is correct?
A) The active site creates a microenvironment ideal
for the reaction.
B) The binding of the substrate depends on the shape
of the active site.
C) A competitive inhibitor can outcompete the substrate
for the active site.
D) The binding of the substrate changes the shape of
the enzyme's active site.
E) Some enzymes change their structure when
activators bind to the enzyme.
19) When you have a severe fever, what grave
consequence may occur if the fever is not controlled?
A) binding of your enzymes to inappropriate
substrates B) change in the tertiary
structure of your enzymes
C) destruction of your enzymes' primary structure D) removal of amine groups from your
proteins
E) removal of the amino acids in active sites of
your enzymes
20) How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the
rate of an enzyme reaction?
A) by changing the shape of the enzyme's active site
B) by binding at the active site of the enzyme
C) by changing the free energy change of the
reaction
D) by decreasing the activation energy of the
reaction
E) by acting as a coenzyme for the reaction
21) Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by
molecular oxygen to produce CO2 and water release free energy?
A) Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a
lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for
electrons (such as O).
B) The oxidation of organic compounds can be used to
make ATP.
C) The electrons have a higher potential energy when
associated with water and CO2 than they do in organic compounds.
D) The covalent bonds in organic molecules and
molecular oxygen have more kinetic energy than the covalent bonds in water and
carbon dioxide.
E) The covalent bond in O2 is unstable and easily
broken by electrons from organic molecules.
22) Which of the following statements describes the
results of this reaction?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
A) CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized. B)
O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized.
C) C6H12O6 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. D) O2 is oxidized and H2O is
reduced.
E) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced.
23) The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration
is involved directly in which process or event?
A) accepting electrons at the end of the electron
transport chain B) the citric acid
cycle
C) the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP D) the oxidation of pyruvate to
acetyl CoA
E) glycolysis
Activity of various enzymes at various temperatures
(a) and at various pH (b).
24)Which curve(s) on the graphs may represent the
temperature and pH profiles of an enzyme taken from a bacterium that lives in a
mildly alkaline hot springs at temperatures of 70°C or higher?
A) curves 2 and 4 B)
curves 1 and 5 C) curves 2 and 5 D) curves 3 and 5 E) curves 3 and 4
25) Which temperature and pH profile curves on the
graphs were most likely generated from analysis of an enzyme from a human
stomach where conditions are strongly acid?
A) curves 2 and 4 B)
curves 1 and 4 C) curves 3 and 4 D) curves 1 and 5 E) curves 2 and 5
26) Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed
normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent?
A) chemiosmosis B)
electron transport C) the
citric acid cycle
D) oxidative phosphorylation E) glycolysis
27) Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for
approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?
A) 100% B)
10% C) 38% D) 2% E) 0%
28) During glycolysis, when each molecule of glucose
is catabolized to two molecules of pyruvate, most of the potential energy contained
in glucose is
A) transferred to ADP, forming ATP. B) stored in the NADH produced. C) transferred directly to ATP.
D) used to phosphorylate fructose to form fructose
6-phosphate. E) retained in the two
pyruvates.
29) Starting with one molecule of glucose, the
energy-containing products of glycolysis are
A) 6 CO2, 30 ATP, and 2 pyruvate. B) 2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP. C) 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP.
D) 2 FADH2, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP. E) 6 CO2, 2 ATP, and 2 pyruvate.
30) During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA
accumulates in which location?
A) mitochondrial intermembrane space B) mitochondrial inner membrane
C) mitochondrial outer membrane D) mitochondrial matrix
E) cytosol
The following questions are based on the reaction A
+ B ↔
C + D shown below
31) Which of the following terms best describes the
forward reaction in Figure 8.1?
A) exergonic, ∆G < 0 B) endergonic, ∆G <0 0="0" c="c" chemical="chemical" equilibrium="equilibrium" nbsp="nbsp" o:p="o:p">
D) endergonic, ∆G > 0 E) exergonic, ∆G > 0
32) Which of the following represents the ΔG of the
reaction in Figure 8.1?
A) a B)
b C) c D) d E) e
33) Which of the following in Figure 8.1 would be
the same in either an enzyme-catalyzed or a noncatalyzed reaction?
A) a B)
b C) c D) d E) e
34) Which of the following represents the difference
between the free-energy content of the reaction and the free-energy content of
the products in Figure 8.1?
A) a B)
b C) c D) d E) e
35) Which of the following represents the activation
energy required for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction in Figure 8.1?
A) a B)
b C) c D) d E) e
36) Which of the following represents the activation
energy required for a noncatalyzed reaction in Figure 8.1?
A) a B)
b C) c D) d E) e
37) Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of
the following stages of cellular respiration?
A) the citric acid cycle and oxidative
phosphorylation
B) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the
citric acid cycle
C) fermentation and glycolysis
D) oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation
E) glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to
acetyl CoA
38) Where are the proteins of the electron transport
chain located in most animal cells?
A) mitochondrial matrix B) mitochondrial outer membrane C) mitochondrial intermembrane space
D) cytosol E) mitochondrial inner membrane
39) The primary role of oxygen in cellular
respiration is to
A) act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen,
forming water.
B) combine with carbon, forming CO2.
C) combine with lactate, forming pyruvate.
D) yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed
down the respiratory chain.
E) catalyze the reactions of glycolysis.
40) Energy released by the electron transport chain
is used to pump H+ into which of the following locations in eukaryotic cells?
A) cytosol B)
mitochondrial inner membrane C) mitochondrial
outer membrane
D) mitochondrial matrix E) mitochondrial intermembrane space
41) Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high
energy foods?
A) They can have very long carbon skeletons. B) They have lots of electrons associated
with hydrogen.
C) They have no nitrogen in their makeup. D) They are easily reduced.
E) They have lots of oxygen atoms.
42) An organism is discovered that thrives both in
the presence and absence of oxygen in the air. Curiously, the consumption of
sugar increases as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment, even
though the organism does not gain much weight. This organism
A) must use a molecule other than oxygen to accept
electrons from the electron transport chain.
B) is a normal eukaryotic organism. C) is photosynthetic. D) is a facultative anaerobe.
E) is an anaerobic organism.
43) Which of the following are products of the light
reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A) H2O and O2 B)
ADP,
i,
and NADP+ C) electrons and H+
D) ATP and NADPH E)
CO2 and glucose
44) Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
A) interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space) B) outer membrane of the
chloroplast
C) thylakoid membrane D) cytoplasm
surrounding the chloroplast
E) stroma of the chloroplast
45) In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase
complexes located?
A) thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane B) plasma membrane only
C) thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane
D)inner mitochondrial membrane only
E) thylakoid membrane only
Answer
46) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
46) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic
molecules, whereas respiration releases it.
B) Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is
catabolic.
C) Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of
photosynthesis in reverse.
D) ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and
used up in respiration.
E) Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and
respiration occurs only in animals.
47) In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by the
chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during
A) photorespiration only. B) photosynthesis only. C) respiration only.
D) both photosynthesis and respiration. E) neither photosynthesis nor
respiration.
48) Reduction of NADP+ occurs during
A) respiration. B)
both photosynthesis and respiration. C)
photosynthesis.
D) photorespiration. E) neither photosynthesis nor respiration.
49) The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen
gas and carbon compounds occurs during
A) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. B) photosynthesis. C) photorespiration.
D) respiration. E)
both photosynthesis and respiration.
50) What is the primary function of the Calvin
cycle?
A) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide B) split water and release
oxygen
C) use ATP to release carbon dioxide D) transport RuBP out
of the chloroplast
E) synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide
51) (5 pts.) An artificial cell
consisting of an aqueous solution enclosed in a selectively permeable membrane
is immersed in a beaker containing a different solution. The membrane is
permeable to water and the simple sugars glucose and fructose but impermeable
to the disaccharide sucrose.
A) Initially, the solution
outside the cell is [isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic] (circle one.)
B) List the solutes that will
initially have a net movement into the cell.
C) List the solutes that will
initially have a net movement out of the cell.
D) Initially, the net movement
of water will be [into/out of] (circle one) the cell.
E) At equilibrium the cell will
become more flaccid, more turgid, or stay the same volume?
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